Ce document correspond à la version traduite du Cahier du CIV: « Usages des antibiotiques en élevage et filières viandes », disponible sur le site. The fortuitous discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 followed by the search for new antibiotics and their use in human and veterinary medicine was a major scientific breakthrough in the 20th century. It allowed many infectious diseases of bacterial origin—scourges for humankind and livestock—to be fought. During the 1950s, changes in society and in agricultural and industrial systems led to increasingly wide sometimes even excessive—use of antibiotics among both people and animals alike. The problems with this use appeared very early.  At this point, discussions began on the rational use of antibiotics in people and animals. However, given their therapeutic interest, antibiotic use continued to grow exponentially worldwide until the end of the 1990. Currently in France, two plans to fight antibiotic resistance in human and veterinary medicine have respectively been launched for the periods 2011-2016 and 2012-2017. The Centre d’Information des Viandes (CIV) dossiers on health safety and animal health aim to make more easily accessible the full range of technical, regulatory and scientific data on livestock health and the control of health safety for beef, sheep meat, horse meat, pork and offal products. In this Dossier, CIV covers the current uses of antibiotics in livestock in France. Part One presents these uses based on scientific publications and reports by official institutions and bodies. Part Two covers the possible risks of these uses for animal health and human health. Finally, Part Three presents the many measures taken by various stakeholders to encourage appropriate use in animal husbandry.